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Pancasila (pronounced ) is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. Pancasila consists of two Old Javanese words (originally from Sanskrit): "''pañca''" meaning five, and "''sīla''" meaning principles. It comprises five principles held to be inseparable and interrelated: # Belief in the one and only God (in Indonesian, ''Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa''). # Just and civilised humanity (in Indonesian, ''Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab''). # The unity of Indonesia (in Indonesian, ''Persatuan Indonesia''). # Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations amongst representatives (in Indonesian, ''Kerakyatan Yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan, Dalam Permusyawaratan dan Perwakilan''). # Social justice for all of the people of Indonesia (in Indonesian, ''Keadilan Sosial bagi seluruh Rakyat Indonesia''). ==History== In 1945, facing the need to pull together the diverse archipelago, the future President Sukarno promulgated Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state (Indonesian: "Dasar Negara"). Sukarno's political philosophy was mainly a fusion of elements of socialism, nationalism and monotheism. This is reflected in a proposition of his version of Pancasila he presented on 1 June 1945, to the Investigating Committee for the Preparation of Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI), in a speech known as "The Birth of the Pancasila".:〔 〕 # ''Kebangsaan Indonesia'' (Indonesian Nationality), an emphasis on nationalism # ''Internasionalisme'' (Internationalism), an emphasis on justice and humanity # ''Musyawarah Mufakat'' (Deliberative Consensus), an emphasis on Representative democracy which holds no ethnic dominance but an equal vote for each member of the council # ''Kesejahteraan Sosial'' (Social Welfare), influenced by the idea of the welfare state, an emphasis on populist Socialism # ''KeTuhanan yang Maha Esa'', an emphasis on monotheism and religiosity After several BPUPKI meetings, the five principles (''sila'') proposed by Sukarno were rearranged. The fifth ''sila'' concerning religiosity was promoted to become the first ''sila''. Internationalism, justice and humanity remain as parts of the second ''sila''. The previously first ''sila'' about nationalism became the third ''sila'' about Indonesian unity. The third and fourth ''sila'' about democracy and social welfare become the fourth and fifth ''sila''. Pancasila was thus intended to help solve the conflicting priorities among Muslims, nationalists and Christians. The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia then set forth Pancasila as the embodiment of basic principles of an independent Indonesian state.〔Saafroedin Bahar et al. (1995), pp63-84〕〔Kusuma (2004), pp150-166〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pancasila (politics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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